Temperature profiles of Agaricus bisporus in composting stages and effects of different composts formulas and casing materials on yield

Three compost formulas using different activator materials were prepared for Agaricus bisporus cultivation. A locally available casing material known as peat of Bolu district and its different combinations with perlite were used. Temperature profiles of all mixtures during composting were measured at every composting stages at various depth in order to determine the compostability level of substrates. Compost temparature steadily increased until the 10th day of composting and maximum temperatures were recorded at the second turning stage of composting. The highest yield of (5124.1 g/kg) was recorded by wheat straw mixed with pigeon manure (formula number II) with the peat as casing material mixed with perlite (80:20 in volume). The most appropriate casing materials was appeared to be the peat of Bolu district mixed with perlite (80:20; in volume) for all of compost materials. Key Words: Composting, Agaricus bisporus, compost temperature, casing material, yield. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(9) 2004: 456-46

Natural coloration of wood material by red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and determination color stability under UV exposure

This study is aimed to develop an eco-friendly wood stained extracted from beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and determine the color stability of this stain to UV light irradiation. Natural dyestuff were extracted from beetroot by ultrasonic-assisted method and prepared from aqueous solution with ferrous sulphate, aluminum sulphate, copper sulphate and vinegar mordant mixes. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), oak (Quercus petraea) and walnut (Juglans regia) wood specimens were used for the study. After treatment with stain, wood specimens were exposed to UV irradiation for periods of 50, 100 and 150 hours. Results showed that the color change values for all wood specimens colored with beetroot extract had better performance compared to synthetic dye. Beetroot extracts may be used as an upper surface dyestuff for indoor application and toys. Therefore, alternative to synthetic dyes more economical and eco-friendly, wood paints may be developed

Cryptographic security mechanism of the next generation digital tachograph system

JRC is in the process of evaluating the impact of update of the cryptographic security mechanisms for the next generation Digital Tachograph. The purpose of this document is to give background information about the cryptographic security mechanisms and vulnerabilities regarding the security mechanisms of the current Digital Tachograph System along with suggestions for the next generation Digital Tachograph security mechanisms. This document can be referred as an important reference to update the technical appendixes of the Tachograph regulation.JRC.G.7-Digital Citizen Securit

Interrupted inferior vena cava and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with atrial septal defect in a 38-year-old adult: a case report

We present a woman having congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return from the right lung with atrial septal defect in a 38-year-old. Congenital anomalies of inferior vena cava are rare. They are seen more often in young males. If there are not other anomalies, they are latent for a long time. Peripheral venous thrombosis, chronic venous insufficiency, dyspnea and fatigue are often the first symptoms of these anomalies. Surgical repair of atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return include provision of durably unobstructed systemic and pulmonary venous pathways, closure of the atrial septal defect, and avoidance of arrhythmias. The diagnosis has been determined by compression ultrasonography with color doppler assessment, multidetector computed tomography angiography and echocardiography

Rare Variants of Carotid-Vertebrobasilar Anastomoses

Carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses generally disappear during embryogenesis. However, if a problem exists during regression, these arteries persist in adult period and are named as persistent arteries. Their persistence in adult patients is sometimes pathological and may result in the development of an aneurysm or a compressive syndrome. These anastomoses are frequently associated with proximal or distal arterial pathology. Herein, we present three rare variants of carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses: a persistent trigeminal artery, persistent hypoglossal artery, and a persistent otic artery. These variants should be kept in mind to avoid errors both in clinical reporting and surgical procedures

Određivanje učinka tekućeg stakla (SiO2) na stabilnost boje drva obojenoga prirodnim bojama

In this exploratory study, the effect of liquid glass (SiO2) treatment on color stability of wood stained by natural dyes was investigated. Mixing liquid glass with natural dyes produced durable, natural, and protective wood stain as expected. For natural dyes, Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), Indigo (lsatis tinctoria L.) and pomegranate skin (Punica granatum L.) were chosen and their extracts were mixed with liquid glass and applied to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and mahogany (Khaya Ivorensis A. Chev.) specimens using immersion method. Coated wood specimens were tested to evaluate the protection degree of liquid glass + natural stains against discoloration using cold check test. The treated wood specimens were exposed to cold check test for different conditions; 1 h 50 °C (± 5), 1 h laboratory conditions, and 1 h -20 °C (± 2), for 20 cycles. As a result, the liquid glass treatment produced better performance against color change. However, for general definition, liquid glass was not found precisely effective on color stability.U provedenom je istraživanju ispitan učinak tekućeg stakla (SiO2) na stabilnost boje drva obojenoga prirodnim bojama. Miješanjem tekućeg stakla s prirodnim bojama napravljen je trajni prirodni i zaštitni premaz za drvo, kako se i očekivalo. Za prirodne boje odabrani su sladić (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), indigo (lsatis tinctoria L.) i šipak (Punica granatum L.), a njihovi su ekstrakti pomiješani s tekućim staklom i metodom uranjanja naneseni na uzorke drva običnoga bora (Pinus sylvestris L.), kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.) i mahagonija (Khaya Ivorensis A. Chev.). Na tako obrađenim uzorcima drva, primjenom testa hladne provjere, istražen je zaštitni utjecaj premaza od tekućeg stakla i prirodne boje na promjenu boje obrađenih uzoraka drva. Obrađeni su drvni uzorci bili izloženi testu hladne provjere u različitim uvjetima: 1 h pri 50±5 °C, 1 h pri laboratorijskim uvjetima i 1 h pri -20±2 °C u 20 ciklusa. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je obrada tekućim staklom imala pozitivan učinak na zaštitu boje drvnih uzoraka obojenih prirodnim bojama, odnosno da nije došlo do promjene boje. Međutim, općenito se može zaključiti da rezultati istraživanja nisu dali uvjerljiv dokaz učinkovitosti tekućeg stakla na stabilnost boje obojenog drva

İki Farklı Restoratif Materyalin Sınıf V Kavitelerdeki Mikrosızıntıya Etkisi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıf V kavitelerde birkompozit rezin ile bir yüksek viskoziteli cam iyonomersimanın mikrosızıntılarının in vitro şartlardadeğerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 30 adet çürüksüz insanüst premolar dişi kullanıldı. Her dişin bukkal yüzeylerinemine-sement sınırından 1 mm aşağıda olacak şekildestandardize edilmiş Sınıf V kaviteler hazırlandı. Dişler herbiri 15 dişten oluşan rastgele 2 gruba ayrıldı. Hazırlanankaviteler birinci grupta bir kompozit rezinle (S3 Bond /Clearfil Esthetic; Kuraray, Tokyo, Japonya), ikinci grupta biryüksek viskoziteli cam ionomer (Fuji IX GP; GC, Tokyo,Japonya) ile dolduruldu. Restoratif maddeler bir LED (EliparFreelight; 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) ışık kaynağıkullanılarak polimerize edildi. Bütün örnekler 24 saat distilesu içerisinde bekletildi ve 1 dakika kalacak şekilde 5 ve 55°Ctermal siklus işlemi 10000 kez uygulandı. Dişlerrestorasyonların 1 mm çevresi hariç tırnak cilası ile kaplandı.24 saat %1’lik metilen mavisi solüsyonunda bekletildi. Dahasonra dişler yıkanıp, bukkolingual yönde dikey olarakkesilerek x15 büyütmede stereomikroskop ile değerlendirildi.Elde edilen veriler Kruskal Wallis ve Whitney U testleriyledeğerlendirildi.Bulgular: Deney grupları arasında istatistiksel birfarklılık bulunamadı (p>0.05). Grup 1’de servikal ve oklüzalmikrosızıntı değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlılıkbulundu ( p<0.05 ). Grup 2’ de ise servikal ve oklüzalskorlarda fark bulunmadı. Sonuç: Kullanılan her ikirestoratif materyal, sınıf V kavitelerde mikrosızıntıdeğerlendirmesinde başarılı bulunmuştur

Citološka analiza endometrija kod krava s akutnim i kroničnim endometritisom.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the findings of endometrial cytology in cows with acute and chronic endometritis. For this purpose samples were collected from 217 Brown Swiss and Holstein cows, housed on the Atatürk University Dairy Research Farm between the years 2010 and 2012, and they were stained with Giemsa for cytological examination. In the evaluation, overall 100 cells were counted in the microscopic area and the cells were classified as polymorph nuclear leukocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte and epithelial cells. The cytopathological classification was done according to the percentages of inflammatory cells. Briefly, 126 (58.06 %) samples had extensive inflammatory cells, and of the uterine samples 91 (41.94 %) had normal exfoliation. According to the cellular density results, acute, and chronic and subacute endometritis were described in 68 (31.33 %), 23 (10.60 %) and 35 (16.13 %) cases, respectively. In conclusion, endometrial cytology was found to be an applicable and reliable diagnostic method in diagnosis and diffentiation of acute and chronic endometritis.Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti citološke nalaze u endometriju krava s akutnim i kroničnim endometritisom. U tu su svrhu između 2010. i 2012. godine bili prikupljeni uzorci od 217 krava smeđe i holštajnske pasmine, uzgajanih na pokusnoj mliječnoj farmi na Sveučilištu Atatürk. Uzorci su bili obojeni Giemsinim bojenjem. Pri procjeni je u vidnom polju mikroskopa bilo izbrojeno ukupno 100 stanica kojesu razvrstane u polimorfononuklearne leukocite, makrofage, limfocite i epitelne stanice. Citopatološko razvrstavanje bilo je provedeno na osnovi postotka upalnih stanica. Ukratko, upalne stanice bile su ustanovljene u 126 (58,06 %) uzoraka, dok je u 91 (41,94 %) uzorku maternice ustanovljeno normalno ljuštenje stanica. Na osnovi stanične gustoće, akutni endometritis bio je dokazan u 68 (31,33 %) uzoraka, kronični u 23 (10,60 %), a subakutni u 35 (16,13 %) uzoraka. Zaključno, citologija endometrija pokazala se primjenjljivom i pouzdanom metodom u dijagnostici odnosno razlikovanju akutnog od kroničnog endometritisa